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Bank of America
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Bank One
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Chase Bank
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CitiBank
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Union Bank of California
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US Bank
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Washington Mutual Bank
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Wachovia Bank
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Wellsfargo Bank
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Mortgages |
A mortgage (from Law French, lit. "dead pledge") is a device developed in the common law world, whereby the ownership of property is passed from one person, the mortgagor, to another, the mortgagee, in return for the loan of money. The mortgagee is prevented from exercising his rights of ownership by the rules of equity so long as the interest on the loan is paid.
Historically this distinguished a mortgage from other legal devices such as a lien, charge or pledge, but in most common law jurisdictions the operations of mortgages has been changed so that these concepts have merged to a greater or lesser extent.
In modern society it is used as a method by which individuals or businesses can buy residential or commercial property without paying the full value immediately.
The borrower (also called the mortgagor) uses a mortgage to pledge real property to the lender (also called the mortgagee) as security against the debt (also called hypothecation) for the rest of the value of the property. In legal terms, the creation of a mortgage gives the legal title of the land to the mortgagee and an equitable title (called "equity of redemption") to the mortgagor. The legal title, however, only exists as a security for a debt and does not convey any title or powers associated with real property.
The mortgage instrument contains two parts:
the mortgage, which is the pledge
the promissory note (or simply note) which is the actual evidence of the debt and promise to repay
To protect the lender, a mortgage is recorded in the public records creating a lien (when there are multiple liens, order of recording determines priority). Since mortgage debt is often the largest debt owed by the debtor, banks and other mortgage lenders run title searches of the real property to make certain that the lien of the mortgage is prior to anyone else's claim. Tax liens, in some cases, will come ahead of mortgages. For this reason, if a borrower has delinquent property taxes, the bank will often pay them to prevent the lienholder from foreclosing and wiping out the mortgage.
Mortgage lending is a major category of the business of finance in the United States of America. Mortgages are commercial paper and can be conveyed and assigned freely to other holders. In the U.S., the Federal Housing Administration administers the programs colloquially known as "Ginnie Mae", Fannie Mae and "Freddie Mac" (also known as the GSEs or government sponsored entities) to foster mortgage lending and thus to encourage home ownership and construction. These programs work by buying a large number of mortgages from banks and issuing (at a slightly lower interest rate) "mortgage-backed bonds" to investors known as MBS or Mortgage Backed Securities.
This allows the banks to quickly relend the money to other borrowers (including in the form of mortgages) and thereby to create more mortgages than the banks could with the amount they have on deposit. This in turn allows the public to use these mortgages to purchase homes, something the government wishes to encourage. The investors, meanwhile, gain low-risk income at a higher interest rate (essentially the mortgage rate, minus the cuts of the bank and GSE) than they could gain from most other bonds.
Securitization is a momentous change in the way that mortgage bond markets function which has grown rapidly in the last 10 years as a result of the wider dissemination of technology in the mortgage lending world. For borrowers with superior credit, government loans and ideal profiles, this securitization keeps rates almost artificially low, since the pools of funds used to create new loans can be refreshed more quickly than in years past, allowing for more rapid outflow of capital from investors to borrowers without as many personal business ties as the past.
In the USA, the process by which a mortgage is secured by a borrower is called origination. This involves the borrower submitting an application and documentation related to his/her financial history to the underwriter. Many banks now offer "no-doc" or "low-doc" loans in which the borrower is required to submit only minimal financial information. These loans carry a slightly higher interest rate (perhaps 0.25% to 0.50% higher) and are available only to borrowers with excellent credit.
Sometimes, a third party is involved, such as a mortgage broker. This entity takes the borrower's information and reviews a number of lenders, selecting the ones that will best meet the needs of the consumer.
Loans are often sold on the open market to larger investors by the originating mortgage company. Many of the guidelines that they follow are suited to satisfy investors. Some companies, called correspondent lenders, sell all or most of their closed loans to these investors, accepting some risks for issuing them. They often offer niche loans at higher prices that the investor does not wish to originate.
If the underwriter is not satisfied with the documentation provided by the borrower, additional documentation and conditions may be imposed, called stipulations. The meeting of such conditions can be a daunting experience for the consumer, but it is crucial for the lending institution to ensure the information being submitted is accurate and meets specific guidelines. This is done to give the lender a reasonable guarantee that the borrower can and will repay the loan. If a third party is involved in the loan, it will help the borrower to clear such conditions.
These documents typically required for underwriter review. Many of these are not required for no-doc and low-doc loans.
• credit report
• 1003 -- Uniform Residential Loan Application
• 1004 -- Uniform Residential Appraisal Report
• 1005 -- Verification Of Employment (VOE)
• 1006 -- Verification Of Deposit (VOD)
• 1007 -- Single Family Comparable Rent Schedule
• 1008 -- Transmittal Summary
• Copy of deed of current home
• federal income tax records for last two years
• Verification Of Mortgage (VOM) or Verification Of Payment (VOP)
• Borrower's Authorization
• Purchase Sales Agreement
• 1084A and 1084B (Self-Employed Income Analysis) and 1088 (Comparative Income Analysis) -- used if borrower is self-employed
Check out mortgage service among following banks:
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Bank of America
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Bank One
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Chase Bank
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CitiBank
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Union Bank of California
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US Bank
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Washington Mutual Bank
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Wachovia Bank
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Wellsfargo Bank
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